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Substrate: Tsuga canadensis snag
I most often find this species on birch, and every description I have found specifies hardwood only as substrate.
I believe P. squarrosoides has a history of being routinely misidentified as P. squarrosa, and the conventional wisdom is that they are practically indistinguishable macroscopically. However, I have concluded, along with many others, that they can be distinguished from one another based on the shape of their cap scales. My understanding is that the cap scales of P. squarrosa tend to be exclusively flattened/recurved throughout development. Those of P. squarrosoides are roughly conical, or claw-shaped, or irregularly clumpy when the mushrooms are young, and persistently so in the central area of the cap; as the cap expands, the scales closer to the margin tend to get stretched flat. With drying, the scales shrink and darken. I have also noticed from studying observations that P. squarrosa appears to fruit most commonly at the bases of trees or from the ground, presumably from buried wood, while P. squarrosoides most often fruits directly from wood.
I believe the abundance of images of P. squarrosoides that are misidentified as P. squarrosa gives the false impression of a complete overlap of macroscopic characteristics. I am skeptical of the current descriptions of these species, because when misidentification is so frequent, it's hard to know whether the descriptions were crafted around the actual species or misidentified specimens. For example, I have recently encountered a couple reports of alliaceous (onion/garlic) odor associated with observations that are clearly P. squarrosoides in my view. The conventional wisdom is that an alliaceous odor is proof of P. squarrosa; I now doubt this. Likewise, conifer wood is mentioned as possible substrate for P. squarrosa, but not P. squarrosoides. That doesn't convince me that my find here is P. squarrosa; I believe the descriptions are simply incomplete.
I find P. squarrosoides frequently in my local forests but have never found P. squarrosa. What I know of P. squarrosa comes from studying the observations of others. Observations from my region seem to reveal a pattern of abundant P. squarrosoides, and rare but not absent P. squarrosa.

https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/woodsia/glabella/

Basal leaflets flabellate (fan-shaped)? Would be interewsting if it was W. glabella, because I was reading this article which mentions the plant this morning: https://www.vermontpublic.org/local-news/2023-09-20/life-with-plants-vermont-state-botanist-retires-after-33-years

Growing on a cliff with many calcium indicator plants nearby.

Note that many fronds were conspicuously larger than any G. dryopteris I’d seen (though still within range for G. dryopteris according to FNA treatment). The key to this hybrid is the basal pair of pinnules on the 2nd pair of pinnae, which are strongly assymetric, indicative of some G. disjunctum parentage…even though that is a western species. I will return to collect fertile material later this summer (as long as I remember to do so). Habitat was a rich northern hardwood forest on a steep, bouldery, northeast-facing slope at about 1000’ elevation.

A population where characteristics of S. incurva and S. arcisepala seemed to blend together, with only a few clear examples of the former. Most plants were single-ranked, and only a select few were multiple-ranked.

NOTE: the plants pictured here are among the most similar to S. arcisepala, and may be rightly identified as such.